Jerusalem is a city located in the Levant region of Western Asia, situated on the Judean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea. It is the capital of Israel and the largest city in the country, with a population of over 919,000 residents. The city is considered holy by the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Jerusalem has a long and complex history, with archaeological evidence showing human habitation dating back to the 4th millennium BCE. The city has been ruled by various empires and dynasties, including the ancient Israelites, Babylonians, Romans, and Ottomans. Its historic Old City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring several sacred sites such as the Temple Mount, the Western Wall, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

The city is a significant cultural and economic center, with a diverse range of industries, including technology, finance, and tourism. Jerusalem is home to several prominent institutions, including the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Israel Museum, and the Palestinian Authority's government. The city's status as a capital is disputed, with many countries not recognizing Israel's sovereignty over East Jerusalem.

Jerusalem's geography is characterized by its mountainous location, with the city situated at an average elevation of 754 meters above sea level. The city's climate is classified as semi-arid, with hot summers and mild winters. Jerusalem is a major transportation hub, with Ben Gurion Airport serving as the primary international airport for Israel.