Malta

Overview

The Republic of Malta is a sovereign island nation located in the central Mediterranean Sea, forming an archipelago between Sicily and North Africa. Its strategic location has historically made it a critical crossroads for trade and military power, attracting various empires from the Phoenicians and Romans to the Knights of St. John. With a population of approximately 525,000 inhabiting an area of 316 km², Malta is one of the world's most densely populated countries, often described as a city-state due to its compact urban nature. The country's culture is a unique blend of Mediterranean, British, and Arab influences, reflected in its official languages of Maltese and English.

Travel Advisory

EARF Travel AdvisorySep 20, 2026

Malta

Exercise Normal Precautions

1/4

20/100

OTHER

Government & Politics

Malta is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster-style system, where the Prime Minister is the head of government and is drawn from the majority party in the Maltese Parliament. The government is formed by the party or coalition that commands the confidence of the legislature. The political landscape is generally characterized by a two-party system, though coalition governments are common.

Malta maintains strong diplomatic and economic ties with the European Union, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Its strategic location makes it a key partner in Mediterranean security and trade routes. It actively participates in regional cooperation efforts, particularly within the Mediterranean Dialogue.

People, Language & Religion

Economy

Demographics

Geography & Climate

The Maltese archipelago is situated in the central Mediterranean, comprising several islands, the largest being Malta itself. Its geography is characterized by a mix of limestone plateaus, coastal cliffs, and deep harbors. The islands are strategically positioned between the major continental landmasses of Italy and North Africa, giving them a unique maritime history. The terrain is generally rugged, with limited arable land, which has historically influenced its reliance on maritime trade.

Malta experiences a classic Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The temperature variation is moderate, and rainfall is concentrated in the cooler months. Coastal areas benefit from maritime influences, moderating the extreme seasonal temperature shifts.

History

Ancient & Early History

The islands have been inhabited since the Neolithic period, with evidence of early farming and settlement. They were later colonized by the Phoenicians, who established trading posts, and subsequently by the Romans, who integrated them into the Roman Empire's Mediterranean network.

Colonial Period

Malta was a key strategic point, leading to successive occupations by various powers. It was under the control of the Byzantine Empire, the Arab Caliphate, the Norman Kingdom, and most famously, the Knights Hospitaller of St. John, who governed the islands from 1530 to 1798.

Independence

Following the French occupation in 1798, the islands were returned to British control. Malta achieved internal self-governance and full independence from the United Kingdom on September 21, 1964.

Modern Era

Since independence, Malta has undergone significant economic diversification, leveraging its strategic location and skilled workforce. It has become a major hub for international finance, maritime services, and technology, while maintaining strong cultural ties to its Mediterranean heritage.

Recent History

The country has been a member of the European Union's associated partners, facilitating deep economic integration. Recent decades have seen rapid infrastructure development and a focus on sustainable tourism and digital economy growth, solidifying its role in the Mediterranean economy.

Culture & National Symbols

Malta boasts a rich cultural tapestry, evident in its unique blend of architectural styles, particularly the Baroque architecture of Valletta. The culture is deeply intertwined with the sea, reflected in its maritime traditions and cuisine. The island's history has fostered a unique syncretism of Mediterranean, Latin, and British influences.

Cuisine

• Pastizzi (flaky pastry filled with ricotta or mushy peas)
• Lampukija (a traditional Maltese stew)
• Rotajet (a type of bread)

Tourism Highlights

• Valletta's UNESCO World Heritage Site status and Baroque architecture
• The Blue Lagoon (marine swimming area)
• The prehistoric temples of Ħaġar Qim and Mnajdra

Natural Wonders

• The Blue Lagoon
• The Maltese coastline's dramatic cliffs

Notable People

George Vella, Emile Daphne, Sir Staunton Shaw

Fun Facts

• Malta is one of the world's most densely populated countries.
• The Maltese language is a Semitic language, written in the Latin alphabet, making it unique in the Mediterranean.

Military

International Relations

Infrastructure & Environment

Environmental Issues

• Coastal erosion and sea-level rise
• Waste management and pollution in confined urban spaces

Communications

Emergency Services

External Links