Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental nation situated in the northeast corner of Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula extending into Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the east, and shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Palestinian/Israeli border to the northeast. The country's geography is defined by the Nile River, which traverses the arid desert landscape, supporting a high concentration of population and historical civilization. With a population exceeding 102 million people, Egypt is one of the most populous nations in Africa and the Middle East, and its capital, Cairo, is one of the largest metropolitan areas globally.