Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a sovereign nation located in the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is geographically defined by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, and shares a long border with Spain to the east. The country's territory includes the mainland, as well as the autonomous archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, which are crucial parts of its national identity. The capital and largest city is Lisbon, a historic metropolis known for its blend of Age of Discoveries grandeur and modern urban life. Portugal has historically played a pivotal role in global exploration and trade, shaping its unique cultural and economic profile.