Taoyuan District is an administrative division within Taoyuan City, a special municipality in northwestern Taiwan. It serves as the municipal seat for the city and is situated on the Taoyuan Plateau. The district is contiguous with Guishan District to the northeast and is traversed by the Nankan River, which flows from the southeast to the northwest. As one of the thirteen districts comprising Taoyuan City, it holds significant administrative importance within the region.

The area was originally the native home of the plains tribes of Taiwanese aborigines and was historically known as Toahong due to its abundant peach blossoms. Under Japanese rule, it became part of Toshien Chō in 1901 before being renamed Tōen Town in 1920. After the handover to the Republic of China, it was upgraded to a county-administered city in 1971 and finally became a district within the elevated special municipality of Taoyuan City on December 25, 2014.

The district is characterized by its industrial nature and urban development, containing numerous villages such as Dalin, Dafeng, and Zhongxing. It features landmarks like the Taoyuan Confucian Temple, Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrine, and the Taoyuan Arts Center. The area also includes Chaoyang Forest Park and Daguixi Park, providing green spaces within the urban environment. The municipal government and council are located here, anchoring its role as the political center of Taoyuan City.

While often considered an industrial region with few distinctive tourist features, it offers cultural sites like the Chinese Furniture Museum and the Coca-Cola Museum. The district hosts the Taiwan European Film Festival and has a vibrant food scene influenced by its large population of foreign laborers, including South Asian eateries. Visitors may also explore the Taoyuan Night Market or visit the Taoyuan Main Public Library, which is situated near the city government building.

The district had a population of 478,664 as of 2026 and experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. It is well-connected via the Taiwan Railway Administration and the Taoyuan Airport MRT, with future metro lines under construction. The area benefits from proximity to Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and major highways, making it accessible for both residents and travelers passing through the region.