Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country located in the Balkan Peninsula of Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Croatia to the north and southwest, Montenegro to the southeast, and Serbia to the east. The nation's geography is characterized by a mix of mountainous terrain, with the rugged Dinaric Alps dominating the landscape. While historically known for its diverse ethnic and religious populations, the country's modern identity is defined by its complex post-Yugoslav history. The capital, Sarajevo, serves as the primary urban and cultural center, situated in a valley surrounded by mountains. The country's economy relies on a mix of agriculture, light industry, and services, though it faces significant challenges in stability and development.