Uwajima is a city situated in southwestern Ehime Prefecture, Japan, positioned along the wide rias coastline of Uwa Bay on the Seto Inland Sea. Surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing remote islands to the east, it serves as the western terminus of the JR Shikoku Yosan Line. Although geographically south-southeast of Yawatahama, its status as a rail terminus leads many to consider it the westernmost city in the prefecture.

The area was part of ancient Iyo Province and served as a piracy center during the Heian period before being governed by various clans through the Muromachi period. Tōdō Takatora built Itajima Castle, later known as Uwajima Castle, in 1592, which Date Hidemune occupied in 1614 to establish the Uwajima Domain. The modern municipality was formed in 1921 and expanded through several mergers, including the absorption of Tsushima in 2005.

The city features Uwajima Castle, one of twelve Japanese castles with an original donjon from the Edo Period, and the Date Family Museum. Notable landmarks include Taga Shrine, a fertility shrine with a large carved phallus, and its adjacent sex museum. The urban landscape also includes Ryūkō-ji and Butsumoku-ji, which are temples on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, alongside the historic Warei Shrine.

Uwajima is culturally defined by the Uwajima Ushi-oni Festival, featuring ushioni teams and bullfights where two bulls compete without a matador. The city is known for commercial fishing, aquaculture, and cultured pearls, leveraging its ria coastline. Visitors are drawn to these unique traditions, the annual festival in July, and the opportunity to observe local bullfighting held throughout the year.

As of 1 September 2022, the city had an estimated population of 70,440 in 35,429 households across 468.19 square kilometres. The economy relies heavily on fishing and pearl farming, with limited industrial development. Uwajima experiences a humid subtropical climate with significant precipitation from June to September, and access is provided via the Yosan and Yodo railway lines.