Medina Province is an administrative division within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, situated in the Hejaz region along the Red Sea coast. It serves as a significant provincial entity with Medina City acting as its seat. The province encompasses various historic cities including Yanbu and Badr, alongside the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hegra. This geographical positioning places it at the heart of early Islamic history while maintaining modern administrative structures.

The province shares its historical background with the city of Medina, marked by major events such as the Battle of Badr and the establishment of Quba Mosque, the first mosque in Islam. It was formally created in 1925 following the Saudi conquest of the Hejaz and the subsequent absorption of the Kingdom of Hejaz into the Sultanate of Nejd. This union formed the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd in 1926, which later became the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.

The provincial character is defined by its religious significance and architectural heritage. Medina is Islam's second holiest city, often referred to as the cradle of Islamic culture. The Prophet's Mosque stands as a central landmark, with the site of Muhammad's house still integrated within it. Recent initiatives under the Humanizing Medina program aim to enhance walkability and sustainability, incorporating traditional Hejazi architectural elements into new public projects across the region.

Visitor appeal is driven by the city's openness to all travelers, including non-Muslims who can access areas previously restricted. The site holds profound spiritual importance for Muslims, particularly those completing Hajj who are encouraged to visit Medina. The province hosts major educational institutions like Taibah University and the Islamic University of Madinah, attracting students globally. These academic centers contribute to the city's vibrant intellectual atmosphere alongside its religious tourism.

The province had a population of 2,132,679 as of 2017. Transportation infrastructure includes Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport, which handled over eight million passengers in 2018, and the Haramain High Speed Railway opened in 2018. The rail link connects Medina with Mecca and Jeddah, operating at speeds up to 300 km/h. The region is accessible via major highways and a developing bus network operated by SAPTCO.