Lochgelly is a town situated in Fife, Scotland, within the United Kingdom. It lies geographically between Lochs Ore to the northwest and Gelly to the southeast. The settlement is separated from the neighboring town of Cowdenbeath by the village of Lumphinnans. Its name derives from the nearby body of water, Loch Gelly, which translates loosely from Gaelic as 'Shining Waters' or 'Loch of Brightness'.

Historically, Lochgelly was part of the West Fife parliamentary constituency and gained notoriety as "Little Moscow" due to its strong Communist political leanings up until the 1950s. An area known as the Happy Lands is referenced in the folk song 'The Kelty Clippie'. The town also has industrial heritage linked to John Dick Saddlers, whose production of tawses became a synonym for corporal punishment.

The town features the Lochgelly Centre, which reopened in 2012 with a theatre and library after closing for refurbishment in 2010. Lochgelly Town Hall serves as a venue for live music. Nearby, the Fife Ethylene Plant, known locally as Mossmorran, is one of Europe's largest ethylene plants. The Little Raith wind farm, Fife's first commercial wind farm, is located south of the town.

Lochgelly supports local culture through organizations like the Lochgelly Community Council and the Community Development Forum, which publishes the newsletter 'The Voice'. Youth activities are managed by Mooth O the Yooth, which organizes events such as the monthly Bairns Ball. The online platform 'Loch of Shining Waters' allows residents to publish articles and discuss local issues.

The population was recorded at 7,320 in 2016, having been estimated at 6,834 in 2007. The economy includes the Andrew Corporation factory, which manufactured microwave antennae, and various community regeneration initiatives. Transport is provided by Lochgelly railway station on the line between Edinburgh and Markinch. The town is also home to Thunder Valley Raceway, which hosted the 2013 Superstox World Championship.