St. John's is the capital and largest city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, located on the eastern coast of the Avalon Peninsula overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the oldest European-founded settlements in North America and has played a central role in the history, culture and economy of Newfoundland and Labrador.

The city developed around its naturally sheltered harbour, which became an important base for the North Atlantic fishery and maritime trade. European fishermen were visiting the area from the early 16th century, with Portuguese, French, Spanish and English vessels regularly using the harbour. The earliest recorded forms of the place name include the Portuguese Rio de San Johem in 1519, while the English form St. John's became established by the late 16th century. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1} St. John's is known for its distinctive colourful waterfront, steep hills and historic neighbourhoods. Water Street, which developed alongside the harbour, is recognised as the oldest commercial street in North America. Signal Hill overlooks the harbour entrance and has been an important defensive and communications site throughout the city's history.

Today, St. John's is the principal centre for government, business, education, healthcare, culture and tourism in Newfoundland and Labrador. Its historic harbour, maritime heritage and location on the eastern edge of North America give the city a distinctive character within Canada.